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PDE4, phosphodiesterase 4.
Visual representation based on preclinical evidence.
Visual representation based on preclinical evidence.
Based on an exploratory PALACE 1 biomarker substudy of patients with active psoriatic arthritis (n = 150 peripheral blood plasma samples at baseline, weeks 4, 16, 24, and 40) for a total of 47 biomarkers using a validated, multiplexed immunoassay.
Prior exposure to a biologic was higher in the biomarker subset compared to the full patient population (48.8% vs 23.6%).
IL, interleukin; PALACE, Psoriatic Arthritis Long-Term Assessment of Clinical Efficacy; PDE4, phosphodiesterase 4; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
References: 1. Moore AR, Willoughby DA. Clin Exp Immunol. 1995;101(3):387-389. 2. Schafer PH, Parton A, Gandhi AK, et al. Br J Pharm. 2010;159(4):842-855. 3. Schafer P. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012;83(12):1583-1590. 4. Otezla [package insert]. Summit, NJ: Celgene Corporation. 5. Soto FJ, Hanania NA. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2005;11(2):129-134. 6. Schafer PH, Chen P, Fang L, Wang A, Chopra R. J Immun Res. 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/906349. 7. van Kujik AW, Reinders-Blankert P, Smeets TJ, Dijkmans BA, Tak PP. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(12):1551-1557. 8. Ritchlin CT, Haas-Smith DH, Cappuccio J, Osterland CK, Looney RK. J Rheumatol. 1998;25(8):1544-1552. 9. Barnas JL, Ritlin CT. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2015;41(4):643-663.
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