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Oral Ulcers in Behçet's Disease

About Behçet’s Disease

Behçet’s Disease (BD) is also referred to as Behçet’s Syndrome1

 

 

Behçet’s Disease is a rare, chronic, multisystem inflammatory disorder1

Behçet’s Disease, also referred to as Behçet’s Syndrome, is classified as a variable vessel vasculitis.1

  • Multiple systems can be affected by BD, but it is often characterized by recurrent oral ulcers accompanied by lesions in other organ systems1
  • The International Study Group (ISG) criteria can be used to diagnose BD by the presence of recurrent oral ulceration plus at least 2 of the following: recurrent genital ulceration, eye lesions, skin lesions, or a positive result on pathergy testing2

A diagnosis of BD typically takes approximately 5 years from the onset of manifestations3

Prevalence of manifestations4

Next: Oral Ulcers in BD

Recurrent oral ulcers are the hallmark manifestation of BD5

Oral ulcers can be bothersome and painful6,7

  • Present in 98% of patients diagnosed with BD3,4
  • Recurrent oral ulcers in BD can crop, be painful, and scar4,8
  • Diagnosis of BD with recurrent oral ulcers is complicated by a number of possible differential diagnoses, such as aphthous stomatitis or inflammatory bowel disease, among others9

Oral ulcers can present in 98% of patients with BD3,4

Major-type oral aphthous ulcer10

Oral aphthous ulcer11

Herpetiform ulceration11

Next: Treatment for Oral Ulcers in BD

Otezla is the first and only FDA-approved systemic therapy for oral ulcers associated with BD12

  • In BD, the efficacy of Otezla® (apremilast) was demonstrated based on the number and pain of oral ulcers
  • The most commonly reported adverse reactions (≥10%) for Otezla were diarrhea, nausea, headache, and upper respiratory tract infection

An oral, non-biologic systemic treatment for patients with oral ulcers associated with Behçet’s Disease12

Next: Mechanism of Action

References: 1. Leonardo NM, McNeil J. Int J Rheumatol. 2015;2015:945262. 2. International Study Group for Behçet’s Disease. Criteria for diagnosis of Behçet’s disease. Lancet. 1990;335(8697):1078-1080. 3. Alpsoy E, Donmez L, Onder M, et al. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157(5):901-906. 4. Yazici Y, Yazici H, eds. Behçet’s Syndrome. New York, NY: Springer; 2010:7-34. 5. Zeidan MJ, Saadoun D, Garrido M, et al. Autoimmun Highlights. 2016;7(1):4. 6. Alpsoy E. J Dermatol. 2016;43(6):620-632. 7. Melikoglu M, Melikoglu M. Acta Reumatol Port. 2014;39:46-53. 8. Bang D, Hur W, Lee ES, Lee S. J Dermatol. 1995;22(12):926-929. 9. Ambrose NL, Haskard DO. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013;9(2):79-89. 10. Lee S, Bang D, Lee ES, Sohn S, eds. Behçet’s Disease: A Guide to its Clinical Understanding Textbook and Atlas. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 2001:19-50. 11. Gualtierotti R, Marzano AV, Spadari F, et al. J Clin Med. 2019;8(1):1-19; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. 12. Otezla [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen Inc.

INDICATIONS & IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

INDICATIONS

Otezla® (apremitast) is indicated for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy.

Otezla is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active psoriatic arthritis.

Otezla is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with oral ulcers associated with Behçet’s Disease.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

Contraindications

  • Otezla® (apremilast) is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to apremilast or to any of the excipients In the formulation

Warnings and Precautions

  • Diarrhea, Nausea, and Vomiting: Cases of severe diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting were associated with the use of Otezla. Most events occurred within the first few weeks of treatment In some cases patients were hospitalized. Patients 65 years of age or older and patients taking medications that can lead to volume depletion or hypotension may be at a higher risk of complications from severe diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. Monitor patients who are more susceptible to complications of diarrhea or vomiting; advise patients to contact their healthcare provider. Consider Otezla dose reduction or suspension if patients develop severe diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting
  • Depression: Carefully weigh the risks and benefits of treatment with Otezla for patients with a history of depression and/or suicidal thoughts/behavior, or in patients who develop such symptoms while on Otezla. Patients, caregivers, and families should be advised of the need to be alert for the emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or other mood changes, and they should contact their healthcare provider if such changes occur
    • Psoriasis: Treatment with Otezla is associated with an increase in depression. During clinical trials, 1.3% (12/920) of patients reported depression compared to 0.4% (2/506) on placebo. Depression was reported as serious in 0.1% (1/1 308) of patients exposed to Otezla, compared to none in placebo-treated patients (0/506). Suicidal behavior was observed in 0.1%(1/1 308) of patients on Otezla, compared to 0.2% (1/506) on placebo. One patient treated with Otezia attempted suicide; one patient on placebo committed suicide
    • Psoriatic Arthritis: Treatment with Otezla is associated with an increase in depression. During clinical trials, 1.0% (10/998) reported depression or depressed mood compared to 0.8% (4/495) treated with placebo. Suicidal ideation and behavior was observed in 0.2% (3/1 441) of patients on Otezla, compared to none in placebo-treated patients. Depression was reported as serious in 0.2% (3/1 441) of patients exposed to Otezla, compared to none in placebo-treated patients (0/495). Two patients who received placebo committed suicide compared to none on Otezla
    • Behcet’s Disease: Treatment with Otezla is associated with an increase in depression. During the clinical trial, 1% (1/104) reported depression or depressed mood compared to 1%(1/103) treated with placebo. No instances of suicidal ideation or behavior were reported in patients treated with Otezla or treated with placebo
  • Weight Decrease: Monitor body weight regularly; evaluate unexplained or clinically significant weight loss, and consider discontinuation of Otezla
    • Psoriasis: Body weight loss of 5-10% occurred in 12% (96/784) of patients treated with Otezla and in 5% (1 9/382) of patients treated with placebo. Body weight loss of 10% occurred in 2% (16/784) of patients treated with Otezla compared to 1% (3/382) of patients treated with placebo
    • Psoriatic Arthritis: Body weight loss of 5-10% was reported in 10% (49/497) of patients taking Otezla and in 3.3% (16/495) of patients taking placebo
    • Behçet’s Disease: Body weight loss of >5% was reported in 4.9% (5/103) of patients taking Otezla and ¡n 3.9% (4/102) of patients taking placebo
  • Drug Interactions: Apremilast exposure was decreased when Otezla was co-administered with rilampin, a strong CYP4SO enzyme inducer; loss of Otezla efficacy may occur. Concomitant use of Otezla with CYP45O enzyme inducers (e.g., rifampin. phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin) is not recommended

Adverse Reactions

  • Psoriasis: Adverse reactions reported in ≥5% of patients were (Otezla%, ptacebo%): diarrhea (17, 6), nausea (17, 7), upper respiratory tract infection (9, 6), tension headache (8, 4), and headache (6, 4)
  • Psoriatic Arthritis: Adverse reactions reported in at (east 2% of patients taking OtezLa, that occurred at a frequency at least 1% higher than that observed in patients taking placebo, for up to 16 weeks (after the initial 5-day titration), were (Otezla%, placebo%): diarrhea (7.7, 1.6); nausea (8.9, 3.1); headache (5.9, 2.2); upper respiratory tract infection (3.9, 1.8); vomiting (3.2, 0.4); nasopharyngitis (2.6, 1.6); upper abdominal pain (2M, 0.2)
  • Behçet’s Disease: Adverse reactions reported in 5% of patients taking Otezta, that occurred at a frequency at least 1% higher than that observed in patients taking placebo, for up to 12 weeks, were (Otezla%, placebo%): diarrhea (41.3, 20.4); nausea (19.2, 10.7); headache (14.4, 10.7); upper respiratory tract infection (11.5, 4.9); upper abdominal pain (8.7, 1.9); vomiting (8.7, 1.9); back pain (7.7, 5.8); viral upper respiratory tract infection (6.7, 4.9); arthralgia (5.8, 2.9)

Use in Specific Populations

  • Pregnancy: Otezla has not been studied in pregnant women. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk of fetal loss. Consider pregnancy planning and prevention for females of reproductive potential There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to Otezla during pregnancy. Information about the registry can be obtained by calling 1-877-311-8972 or visiting https://mothertoaby.org/ongoing-study/otezla/
  • Lactation: There are no data on the presence of apremilast or its metabolites in human milk, the effects of apremilast on the breastfed infant, or the effects of the drug on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastleeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Otezla and any potential adverse effects on the breastled child from Otezla or from the underlying maternal condition
  • Renal Impairment: Otezla dosage should be reduced in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/mm); for details, see Dosage and Administration, Section 2, in the Full Prescribing Information

Please click here for Full Prescribing Information.

INDICATIONS & IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

INDICATIONS

Otezla® (apremitast) is indicated for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy.

Otezla is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active psoriatic arthritis.

Otezla is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with oral ulcers associated with Behçet’s Disease.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

Contraindications

  • Otezla® (apremilast) is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to apremilast or to any of the excipients In the formulation

Warnings and Precautions

  • Diarrhea, Nausea, and Vomiting: Cases of severe diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting were associated with the use of Otezla. Most events occurred within the first few weeks of treatment In some cases patients were hospitalized. Patients 65 years of age or older and patients taking medications that can lead to volume depletion or hypotension may be at a higher risk of complications from severe diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. Monitor patients who are more susceptible to complications of diarrhea or vomiting; advise patients to contact their healthcare provider. Consider Otezla dose reduction or suspension if patients develop severe diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting
  • Depression: Carefully weigh the risks and benefits of treatment with Otezla for patients with a history of depression and/or suicidal thoughts/behavior, or in patients who develop such symptoms while on Otezla. Patients, caregivers, and families should be advised of the need to be alert for the emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or other mood changes, and they should contact their healthcare provider if such changes occur
    • Psoriasis: Treatment with Otezla is associated with an increase in depression. During clinical trials, 1.3% (12/920) of patients reported depression compared to 0.4% (2/506) on placebo. Depression was reported as serious in 0.1% (1/1 308) of patients exposed to Otezla, compared to none in placebo-treated patients (0/506). Suicidal behavior was observed in 0.1%(1/1 308) of patients on Otezla, compared to 0.2% (1/506) on placebo. One patient treated with Otezia attempted suicide; one patient on placebo committed suicide
    • Psoriatic Arthritis: Treatment with Otezla is associated with an increase in depression. During clinical trials, 1.0% (10/998) reported depression or depressed mood compared to 0.8% (4/495) treated with placebo. Suicidal ideation and behavior was observed in 0.2% (3/1 441) oF patients on Otezla, compared to none in placebo-treated patients. Depression was reported as serious in 0.2% (3/1 441) of patients exposed to Otezla, compared to none in placebo-treated patients (0/495). Two patients who received placebo committed suicide compared to none on Otezla
    • Behcet’s Disease: Treatment with Otezla is associated with an increase in depression. During the clinical trial, 1% (1/104) reported depression or depressed mood compared to 1%(1/103) treated with placebo. No instances of suicidal ideation or behavior were reported in patients treated with Otezla or treated with placebo
  • Weight Decrease: Monitor body weight regularly; evaluate unexplained or clinically significant weight loss, and consider discontinuation of Otezla
    • Psoriasis: Body weight loss of 5-10% occurred in 12% (96/784) of patients treated with Otezla and in 5% (1 9/382) of patients treated with placebo. Body weight loss of 10% occurred in 2% (16/784) of patients treated with Otezla compared to 1% (3/382) of patients treated with placebo
    • Psoriatic Arthritis: Body weight loss of 5-10% was reported in 10% (49/497) of patients taking Otezla and in 3.3% (16/495) of patients taking placebo
    • Behçet’s Disease: Body weight loss of >5% was reported in 4.9% (5/103) of patients taking Otezla and ¡n 3.9% (4/102) of patients taking placebo
  • Drug Interactions: Apremilast exposure was decreased when Otezla was co-administered with rilampin, a strong CYP4SO enzyme inducer; loss of Otezla efficacy may occur. Concomitant use of Otezla with CYP45O enzyme inducers (e.g., rifampin. phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin) is not recommended

Adverse Reactions

  • Psoriasis: Adverse reactions reported in ≥5% of patients were (Otezla%, ptacebo%): diarrhea (17, 6), nausea (17, 7), upper respiratory tract infection (9, 6), tension headache (8, 4), and headache (6, 4)
  • Psoriatic Arthritis: Adverse reactions reported in at (east 2% of patients taking Otezla, that occurred at a frequency at least 1% higher than that observed in patients taking placebo, for up to 16 weeks (after the initial 5-day titration), were (Otezla%, placebo%): diarrhea (7.7, 1.6); nausea (8.9, 3.1); headache (5.9, 2.2); upper respiratory tract infection (3.9, 1.8); vomiting (3.2, 0.4); nasopharyngitis (2.6, 1.6); upper abdominal pain (2M, 0.2)
  • Behçet’s Disease: Adverse reactions reported in 5% of patients taking Otezta, that occurred at a frequency at least 1% higher than that observed in patients taking placebo, for up to 12 weeks, were (Otezla%, placebo%): diarrhea (41.3, 20.4); nausea (19.2, 10.7); headache (14.4, 10.7); upper respiratory tract infection (11.5, 4.9); upper abdominal pain (8.7, 1.9); vomiting (8.7, 1.9); back pain (7.7, 5.8); viral upper respiratory tract infection (6.7, 4.9); arthralgia (5.8, 2.9)

Use in Specific Populations

  • Pregnancy: Otezla has not been studied in pregnant women. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk of letal loss. Consider pregnancy planning and prevention for females of reproductive potential There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to Otezla during pregnancy. Information about the registry can be obtained by calling 1-877-311-8972 or visiting https://mothertobaby.org/ongoing-study/otezla/
  • Lactation: There are no data on the presence of apremilast or its metabolites in human milk, the effects of apremilast on the breastfed infant, or the effects of the drug on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastleeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Otezla and any potential adverse effects on the breastled child from Otezla or from the underlying maternal condition
  • Renal Impairment: Otezla dosage should be reduced in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/mm); for details, see Dosage and Administration, Section 2, in the Full Prescribing Information

Please click here for Full Prescribing Information.